Changes in glucagon levels after four to five weeks of glucoregulation by portable insulin infusion pumps.

Near-normal glucoregulation was maintained in five patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus for 4--5 wk with a preprogrammed, continuous, subcutaneous insulin infusion using a portable battery-powered infusion pump. This form of therapy significantly lowered immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels below those observed while on conventional insulin treatment at several times during the 24-h profile. The maximum IRG levels were also reduced in all five subjects. Thus, a flexible system of insulin delivery, as is provided by certain open-loop pump systems, can overcome inappropriate glucagon secretion that occurs with conventional insulin therapy.